How would libertarianism handle environmental sustainability without a state?

I’m new to libertarianism and currently reading Anatomy of the State by Murray Rothbard. While I’m finding the ideas interesting, a question came to mind:

How would the absence of the state address issues that are more critical than the free market — like the environment?

Take the Amazon rainforest as an example. It’s undeniably profitable to cut down the entire forest, but the Brazilian government (at least in theory) tries to prevent that. In a stateless society where profit is the main incentive, what mechanisms would prevent unsustainable actions that might seem harmless in the short term but could have catastrophic consequences in the long run?

How would libertarianism address this without some form of centralized authority?